Citrix xen App port Numbers

ICA: 1494Session reliability: 2598IMA: 2512 (Server to server) 2513 (Server to console)XML: 80 when integrated with IIS can be configured to 8080License: 27000,Vendor deamon: 7279, License server console: 8082SQL server for data store: 1433

How to view and Remove Audit policy

open cmd

to view the audit policy

auditpol /get /category:*

auditpol /set/category:"system","account logon" /success:enable /failure:enable

auditpol /get /category:*

auditpol /clear /y

VMWare Interview Questions & Answers

      

1. VMWare Kernel is a Proprietary Kenral and is not based on any of the UNIX operating systems, it's a kernel developed by VMWare Company.

2. The VMKernel can't boot it by itself, so that it takes the help of the 3rd party operating system. In VMWare case the kernel is booted by RedHat Linux operating system which is known as service console.

3. The service console is developed based up on Redhat Linux Operating system, it is used to manage the VMKernel 

4. To restart webaccess service on vmware
service vmware-webaccess restart – this will restart apache tomcat app

5. To restart ssh service on vmware
service sshd restart

6. To restart host agent(vmware-hostd) on vmware esx server
service mgmt-vmware restart

What is Private VLAN and Port Types ?

Private VLANs provide layer 2 isolation between ports within the same broadcast domain. 


There are three types of PVLAN ports:

• Promiscuous— :->A promiscuous port can communicate with all interfaces, including the isolated and community ports within a PVLAN.
• Isolated—:-> An isolated port has complete Layer 2 separation from the other ports within the same PVLAN, but not from the promiscuous ports. PVLANs block all traffic to isolated ports except traffic from promiscuous ports. Traffic from isolated port is forwarded only to promiscuous ports.
• Community:->— Community ports communicate among themselves and with their promiscuous ports. These interfaces are separated at Layer 2 from all other interfaces in other communities or isolated ports within their PVLAN.

What is a Difference Between NAT and Proxy Server ?

Proxy Server:->

Proxy server An application-based translation of network access requests.Provision for local user authentication for access to untrusted network. Logging and control of port/protocol access may be possible. Normally used to connect two networks.

NAT :->

Network Address Application-based translation of requests for service or Translation (NAT) connection to an external network. No user authentication is possible, and port/protocol filtering is not usually performed here. Used to redirect requests through one interface. Requests for connection at outside interface must have originated from inside host or they are dropped.

What is DMZ ?

A computer host or small network inserted as a “neutral zone” between a company’s private network and the outside public network. The DMZ prevents outside users from getting direct access to a server that has company data. (The term comes from the geographic buffer zone that was set up between North
Korea and South Korea following the United Nations “police action” in the early 1950s.) A DMZ is an optional and more secure approach to a firewall and effectively acts as a proxy Server.

New Features and Improvements in VMware Workstation 10.0.1

New Features and Improvements in VMware Workstation 10.0.1

VMware Workstation 10 delivers best-in-class Windows 8 support, and innovative

new features that transform the way technical professionals work with virtual

machines, whether they reside on their PCs or on private enterprise clouds.

  

*New Operating System Support

 Support has been added for:

-Windows 8.1

-Windows 8.1 Enterprise

-Windows Server 2012 R2

-Ubuntu 13.10

As well as for the latest Fedora, CentOS, Red Hat and OpenSUSE releases.

*VMware Hardware Version 10

This version of VMware Workstation includes VMware hardware Version 10 and is

compatible with vSphere 5.5. Hardware versions introduce new virtual hardware

functionality and new features while enabling VMware to run legacy operating

systems in our virtual machines. New features included in this hardware

version:

*16 vCPUs

Virtual machines can now run with up to 16 virtual CPUs. This enables very

processor intensive applications to be run in a virtual machine.

Note: Running virtual machines with 16 vCPUs requires that both your host

and guest operating system support 16 logical processors. Your physical

machine must have at least 8 cores with hyper-threading enabled to power

on a virtual machine with this configuration.

What is the Difference between Hyper-V 2.0 and Hyper-V 3.0

What is the Difference between Hyper-V 2.0 and Hyper-V 3.0
The maximum number of virtual machines per host that can be powered on at any given time

Hyper-V 2.0
384

Hyper-V 3.0
1024


Maximum number of virtual machines in a cluster

Hyper-V 2.0
1000

Hyper-V 3.0
4000

Maximum number of hosts per cluster

Hyper-V 2.0
16

Hyper-V 3.0
63

Maximum RAM per host server

Hyper-V 2.0
1 TB

Hyper-V 3.0

2 TB

RAID Levels Supported By Windows Server 2012

RAID 0 (Disk striping)

Two or more volumes, each on a separate drive, are configured as a striped set. Data is broken into blocks, called stripes, and then written sequentially to all drives in the striped set.

Advantages: Speed and performance.

 

RAID 1(Disk mirroring)

Two volumes on two drives are configured identically. Data is written to both drives. If one drive fails, no data loss occurs because the other drive contains the data. (This level doesn’t include disk striping.)

Advantages: Better write performance than disk striping with parity.

 

RAID 5(Disk striping with parity)

Uses three or more volumes, each on a separate drive, to create a striped set with parity error checking. In the case of failure, data can be recovered.

Advantages : Fault tolerance with less overhead than mirroring. Better read performance than disk mirroring.

How to Decide Which Windows Server 2012 Versions Best for You:

Microsoft offers the following four versions of Windows Server 2012:

Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Edition:

 Windows Server 2012 Datacenter was designed for organizations that are looking to migrate to a highly virtualized, private cloud environment. Windows Server 2012 Datacenter has full Windows Server functionality with unlimited virtual instances.

Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition: 

 Windows Server 2012 Standard was designed for organizations with physical or minimally virtualized environments. Windows Server 2012 Standard has full Windows Server functionality with two virtual instances.

Windows Server 2012 Essentials Edition:

 Windows Server 2012 Essentials is ideal for small businesses that have as many as 25 users and 50 devices. Windows Server 2012 Essentials has a simpler interface and preconfigured connectivity to cloud-based services but no virtualization rights.

Windows Server 2012 Foundation Edition:

Windows Server 2012 Foundation was designed for smaller companies that need a Windows Server experience for as few as 15 users. Windows Server 2012 Foundation is a general-purpose server with basic functionality but no virtualization rights

DNS Server Improvements in Windows Server 2012 and Windows server 2008R2

DNS Server Improvements in Windows Server 2012 and Windows server 2008R2

1) Cache-only DNS servers

All DNS servers cache answers to queries they receive from outside their own zone of authority.
A cache-only DNS server obtains all DNS information from other DNS servers.
 It does not store host information in domain files and does not perform zone transfers.
 A cache-only DNS server must have at least one root server or forwarder listed, or it cannot resolve domain names. It stores the answer to each query in its cache for later use. A cache-only DNS server is not authoritative for any zone

2) Socket Pooling in DNS Server

The socket pool enables a DNS server to use source port randomization when issuing DNS queries. This
provides enhanced security against cache poisoning attacks. The socket pool is enabled with default settings
on computers that have installed Security Update MS08-037

3) Cache Locking in DNS Server

Cache locking is a new feature available if your DNS server is running Windows Server 2008 R2. When you
enable cache locking, the DNS server will not allow cached records to be overwritten for the duration of the
time to live (TTL) value. Cache locking provides for enhanced security against cache poisoning attacks. You
can also customize the settings used for cache locking.

How to Enable Administrator Account on Windows 8.1

Everyone is confused on windows 8 , where Local user account is not shown if you go to my computer and
then go to Manage  ,Nothing will be find out , please follow my steps to enable Administrator account

Step1: goto run-> type lusrmgr.msc and press Enter

Step2: You see here  local Users and Groups window

Step3: click on users and Select Administrator account

Step4: right click and goto properties

Step5: uncheck account disable option and click apply

Step6:right click Administrator account and set password

Step7: type New password and Confirm Password and you are ready to access your administrator account
on windows 8.1

How to Inter-Vlan Routing using a L3 Switch

Hi guyies today i am introduced a new concept of inter-vlan communication using layer 3 switch

first of all you have to set the VLANs on switch , so you have to follow the followings

i just want to create a 3 vlan , SALES,HR and IT

so go to the config mode

switch>conf t
switch(config)#vlan 2
switch(config)#name sales
switch(config)#vlan 3
switch(config)#name HR
switch(config)#vlan 4
switch(config)#name IT

after creating VLANs , You have Just show the switch(config)#do show vlan brief command to verify the Vlans .


Now we are setting the  Switch Port Assignments
switch(config)#interface range f0/1 - 8
switch(config-range)#switchport mode access
switch(config-range)#switchport access vlan 2
switch(config)#interface range f0/8 - 16
switch(config-range)#switchport mode access
switch(config-range)#switchport access vlan 3

switch(config)#interface range f0/17 - 24
switch(config-range)#switchport mode access
switch(config-range)#switchport access vlan 3


After Port Assignments we define the VLANs IP

switch(config)#interface vlan 2
switch(config)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
switch(config)#interface vlan 3
switch(config)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
switch(config)#interface vlan 4
switch(config)#ip address 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

Now we do Routing Between VLANs

switch(config)#Router Rip
switch(config)#network 10.0.0.0
switch(config)#network 20.0.0.0
switch(config)#network 30.0.0.0

Now we can Ping Each VLANs Together.

Protocols on CCNA Exam

DNS- Domain Name System

DHCP- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

FTP- File Transfer Protocol

TFTP- Trivial File Transfer Protocol

HTTP- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Telnet- Telephony Network

SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

POP- Post Office Protocol

IMAP- Internet Massage Access Protocol

NetBIOS- Network Basic Input/Output System

TCP- Transmission Control Protocol

UDP- User Datagram Protocol

IP- Internet Protocol

ICMP- Internet Control Massage Protocol

ARP- Address Resolution Protocol

RARP- Reserve Address Resolution Protocol

HDLC- High-level Data Link Control Protocol

SDLC- Synchronous Data Link Control Protocol

There is associated Port number to every Application Protocol.

[Note: to see port number with protocol “c:\windows\system32\driver\etc” open this file with notepad]

OSI Layers and Protocol

Application Layer DNS, DHCP, FTP, HTTP, TFTP, TELNET, SMTP

Presentation Layer Upper Layer POP, IMAP, ETC..&

Session Layer NETBIOS (Session Layer uses only)

Transport Layer TCP, UDP

Network Layer IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP

Data Link Layer HDLC, SDLC, FRAME RELAY

Physical Layer (No protocol is used here, it works with Ethernet or token ring)

How to install windows 7 on a VHD (Virtual HDD)

Step 1:  Insert the Bootable Usb drive or media 

Step 2: select the f9 key or startup-boot menu , select the usb boot

Step 3: windows is loading now and show install windows 7 now , do not click install

Step 4: press shift+f10  , now a command prompt is open.

Step 5 : type diskpart

DISKPART>  LIST DISK

DISK 0      232 GB LOCAL HDDDISK 1      7448 MB USB HDD

DISKPART>  SELECT DISK 0

*DISK 0      232 GB LOCAL HDD

DISK 1      7448 MB USB HDD
DISK 0 IS NOW SELECTED

DISKPART> LIST VOLUME

VOLUME 1   C
VOLUME 2   D
VOLUME 3   E
VOLUME 4   F

DISKPART> SELECT VOLUME=2

DISKPART> CREATE VDISK FILE="D:\TEST.VHD" MAXIMUM=40000 

TYPE=EXPANDABLE

TEST.VHD IS SUCESSFULLY CREATED

DISKPART> ATTACH VDISK

TEST.VHD IS SUCCESSFULLY ATTACHED.

NOW EXIT THE DISKPART

DISKPART> EXIT

STEP 6:  Now click Install now Button and choose custom option  and Format the selected VDISK and install the WINDOWS 7 on the Virtual HDD

  

Basic Disk & Dynamic Disks

Basic Disk & Dynamic Disks

Basic Disk:

A disk initialized for basic storage is called a basic disk. When we install operating system by default our disk is

“Basic Disk”. A basic disk contains basic volumes, such as

1. Primary partitions,

2. Extended partitions,

3. Logical drives.

Primary partition is the first division of a hard disk drive. The primary partition is often the only one on the disk, and it occupies the entire disk volume. If there are multiple partitions, the primary partition is the one that holds the operating system and has to be made "active" in order to do so. We can make maximum 4 primary partitions on a disk.

Extended Partition: If we need more then four partition then we need to make at least one extended partition. This Extended partition is used to make more partition. Extended partition works as boundary for logical drives

.

Logical Drives: We can create many logical drives inside an extended partition. We can create up to “z” logical drives, and then we can create many mounted drives on any folder or drive.

To Create Partition

Go to – My computer – Right click – Manage – Disk Management – Right Click on partition & follow the instruction…

Managing Printers

There are four types of printers

1. Local printer

2. Share printer

3. Network printer

4. Internet printing (Window Server)

(1) Local Printer: If Printer is directly attached to a computer (either in LPT port, Com port, or USB port) is

called Local printer.

Installation: Start – Printer & Faxes – Add Printer – Select local printer -

Select port – Select manufacturer & Printer Model – Printer Name (any) – Share Name – Location

(physical)(optional) - Finish

(2) Share Printer: If a Printer is attached to another computer & is shared to other computers too is called share printer.

Installation:

Start – Printer & Faxes – Add Printer – Select “A Network Printer” – Browse or “\\IP of print server\printer name (Name or IP) - Finish

Notes by Neeraj www.techoinfotech.com

(3) Network Printer: If a printer is directly attached to a switch then it’s called network printer. You have to install a network printer in any computer as a local printer & in other computer as a share computer or we can also install as local printer in each computer.

Installation:

To install network printer you have to configure IP address of Network Printer. To configure IP address of Printer there may be a keypad in Network Printer or you can configure your printer through internet explorer (just type “//IP of printer” in IE.)

[IP address of the Network Printer will be given in Printer Manual]

(4) Internet Printing: You can enable internet printing in “Windows Server 2003”.you can install. You can use your Web browser to connect to shared printers on a print server that is running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). Printing is implemented by way of the Internet Print Protocol (IPP), which is encapsulated in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). By typing the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of a remote printer in the Address bar of your browser, you can connect to, and print from the printer in the same way as if it were attached to your own computer. You can view a Web page on which all printers on a print server are listed, or a page that is specific to the printer to which you want to connect.

To Enable Interne printing on server

Go to Control Panel – Add Remove Program – Add remove windows component – Select Application Server –Details – Select IIS – Details – Check on Internet Printing – Ok - Finish

Installing internet printer on client computer

Go to Printer & fax – Add Printer – Network Printer – Select connect to a printer URL [http://IP of print server/Printers/Printer share name/printer]

Printer Pooling: If you have more than one printer of same manufacturer & same model then you can enable printer pooling. If you are pooling in printers than make sure that your all printer should be kept in the same location or else you will not able to find that which printer has printed out you document.

Enable Printer Pooling

Go to Printer Properties – Ports – Check on Enable Printer Pooling – Check both Printer Port – Ok

Priority: If there is long waiting queue for print job & want to set priority to any user then you can configure Printer priory. As soon as printer will finish the current job it will take high priority printing job at 2nd instance.

Enable Printer Priority

Install a printer twice – Go to printer properties – Advanced – Set priority

Spooling: (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line) the overlapping of low-speed operations with normal processing. Spooling originated with mainframes in order to optimize slow operations such as reading cards and printing. Card input was read onto disk and printer output was stored on disk. In that way, the business data processing was performed at high speed, receiving input from disk and sending output to disk. Subsequently, spooling is used to buffer data for the printer as well as remote batch terminals.

Note: Administrator can also manage internet printer through Internet Explorer

[http://IP of print Server/printers]

System Restore Point

System Restore Point

You can create a system restore point when your system is working properly. With this restore point you can undo harmful changes to you operating system. Basically it restores window settings & performance without destroying saved documents, emails, history & favorite list.

Your computer also creates automatically restore point called check point.

To create a Restore Point

Start – Program – Accessories – System tools – System restore- Select create a restore point.

“You can also undo your restore”

Start-up Options for Safe Mode

Safe Mode

If your computer is not booting properly or normally then there is some advance boot option that you can choose to boot your computer such as:

1. Safe mode:
Safe mode option Boots your computer with minimum driver required. In this mode you can disable anydevice driver & you can backup you data... etc.

2. Safe mode with networking :Safe mode with networking also loads driver of LAN card so your computer will be in network.

3. Safe mode with Command Prompt : Safe mode with command prompt boots your window & provides on command prompt. You can workwith command prompt as far as you can

4. Enable Boot loggingEnable: boot logging creates file which contains boot information & problem.

5. Enable VGA Mode : It boots your window with minimum graphic resolution.

6. Directory Services Restore Mode : This mode is used when we restore Active Directory in Win Server

7. Debugging Mode : If two computers are connected with serial cable by com port, it will display boot info in anothercomputer