NIC( NETWORK INTERFACE CARD

NIC( NETWORK INTERFACE CARD)

TYPES of NIC :

1. BNC (BRITISH NAVEL CONNECTOR)LAN CARD
2. usb NIC
3. PCMCIA
4. WLAN CARD

WORK:CONVERT DATA TO ELECTRIC PULSES AND VICE VERSA

NIC IS USED TO CONNECT A DEVICE(PC) TO A NETWORK.

NIC HAVE A UNIQUE ADDRESS CALLLED MAC ADDRESS (MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL )
ALSO CALLED PHYSICAL ADDRESS
MAC ADDRESS = 48 BIT
FIRST 24 BIT= REPRESENTS VENDOR ID REST 24 BITS = REPRESENT SEQENCE ID IT IS HEXADECIMAL ADDRESS

HOW TO SEE MAC ADDRESS ON A PC

RUN->CMD->IPCONFIG/ALL OR GETMAC
mac address is unique all over the world

RJ45 LAN CARD
BNC+RJ45 LAN CARD

IPX/SPX

Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange. Two network protocols. IPX is NetWare protocol for moving information across the network; SPX works on top of IPX and adds extra commands. In the OSI model, IPX conforms to the network layer and SPX is the transport layer

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM is the technology selected by the Consultative Committee on International Telephone & Telegraph (CCITT) International standards organization in 1988 (now called the ITU-T) to realize a Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). It is a fast, cell-switched technology based on a fixed- length 53-byte cell. All broadband transmissions (whether audio, data, imaging or video) are divided into a series of cells and routed across an ATM network consisting of links connected by ATM switches. Each ATM link comprises a constant stream of ATM cell slots into which transmissions are placed or left idle, if unused. The most significant benefit of ATM is its uniform handling of services, allowing one network to meet the needs of many broadband services. ATM accomplishes this because its cell-switching technology combines the best advantages of both circuit-switching (for constant bit rate services such as voice and image) and packet-switching (for variable bit rate services such as data and full motion video) technologies. The result is the bandwidth guarantee of circuit switching combined with the high efficiency of packet switching.

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Very high speed transmission technology. ATM is a high bandwidth, low-delay, connection-oriented, packet-like switching and multiplexing technique. Usable capacity is segmented into 53-byte fixed-size cells, consisting of header and information fields, allocated to services on demand. The term "asynchronous" applies, as each cell is presented to the network on a "start-stop" basis—in other words, asynchronously. The access devices, switches and interlinking transmission facilities, of course, are all highly synchronized.

ntfs permissions

ntfs permissions

HOW TO CONVERT FAT32 TO NTFS


RUN->CMD

CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS

ntfs provides file and folder level security

access control list(ACL)
access contol entries (ACE)

allow entries (permit)
deny entries (don't allow)


inheitance or inherited permissions

upgradation of exchange server 2000 to exchange server 2003

steps of upgradation of exchange server 2000 to exchange server 2003


1: install windows 2000 server
2: install windows 2000 service pack 4
3: install active directory
4: install exchange server components (iis ,smtp,www,nntp etc)
5: install exchange server 2000
1: i386/setup.exe /forestprep
2: i386/setup.exe /domainpreprep
3: i386/setup.exe /setup
6: install exchange server 2000 service pack 3
7: install exchange server 2003
1: /i386/setup.exe /forestprep
2:i386/setup.exe /domainprep
3:i386/setup.exe /setup
the setup is upgrading the current exchange server to exchange 2003


**********thanks*************
***********enjoy*************

ACTIVE DIRECTORY

ACTIVE DIRECTORY



DOMAIN : CLIENT/SERVER CONNECTIVITY

WORKGROUP : PEER TO PEER CONNECTIVITY

WINDOWS-XP PROFESSIONAL : CLIENT OS
WINDOWS SERVER 2003 ENT. ED. : SERVER OS
NOS(NETWORK OPERTING SYSTEM)

WINDOWS-NT4.0
WINDOWS 2000 SERVER
WINDOWS 2008 SERVER
REDHAT ENTERPRISE SERVER
NOVELL NETWARE
UNIX SERVER
SUN SOLARIS 10
UBUNTU
SUSE LINUX
FEDORA
FREE-BSD

ACTIVE-DIRECTORY IS USED TO CREATE
A DOMAIN IN WINDOWS 2000/2003 SERVER
DOMAIN IS A CENTRLISED SERVER THAT'S PROVIDE
THE SERVICES TO IT'S CLIENTS.LOGON AUTHENTICATION.

ACTIVE DIRECTORY IS A CENTRALISED REPOSITORY DIRECTORY DATABASE,THAT USES X.500 STANDARD PROTOCOL TO PROVIDE CENTRALISED AND DECENTRALISED CONNECTIVITY TO THE CLIENTS . ACTIVE-DIRECTORY IS BASED ON THE LDAP (LIGHTWEIGHT DIRECTORY ACCESS PROTOCOL ).