RAID Levels Supported By Windows Server 2012

RAID 0 (Disk striping)

Two or more volumes, each on a separate drive, are configured as a striped set. Data is broken into blocks, called stripes, and then written sequentially to all drives in the striped set.

Advantages: Speed and performance.

 

RAID 1(Disk mirroring)

Two volumes on two drives are configured identically. Data is written to both drives. If one drive fails, no data loss occurs because the other drive contains the data. (This level doesn’t include disk striping.)

Advantages: Better write performance than disk striping with parity.

 

RAID 5(Disk striping with parity)

Uses three or more volumes, each on a separate drive, to create a striped set with parity error checking. In the case of failure, data can be recovered.

Advantages : Fault tolerance with less overhead than mirroring. Better read performance than disk mirroring.

How to Decide Which Windows Server 2012 Versions Best for You:

Microsoft offers the following four versions of Windows Server 2012:

Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Edition:

 Windows Server 2012 Datacenter was designed for organizations that are looking to migrate to a highly virtualized, private cloud environment. Windows Server 2012 Datacenter has full Windows Server functionality with unlimited virtual instances.

Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition: 

 Windows Server 2012 Standard was designed for organizations with physical or minimally virtualized environments. Windows Server 2012 Standard has full Windows Server functionality with two virtual instances.

Windows Server 2012 Essentials Edition:

 Windows Server 2012 Essentials is ideal for small businesses that have as many as 25 users and 50 devices. Windows Server 2012 Essentials has a simpler interface and preconfigured connectivity to cloud-based services but no virtualization rights.

Windows Server 2012 Foundation Edition:

Windows Server 2012 Foundation was designed for smaller companies that need a Windows Server experience for as few as 15 users. Windows Server 2012 Foundation is a general-purpose server with basic functionality but no virtualization rights

DNS Server Improvements in Windows Server 2012 and Windows server 2008R2

DNS Server Improvements in Windows Server 2012 and Windows server 2008R2

1) Cache-only DNS servers

All DNS servers cache answers to queries they receive from outside their own zone of authority.
A cache-only DNS server obtains all DNS information from other DNS servers.
 It does not store host information in domain files and does not perform zone transfers.
 A cache-only DNS server must have at least one root server or forwarder listed, or it cannot resolve domain names. It stores the answer to each query in its cache for later use. A cache-only DNS server is not authoritative for any zone

2) Socket Pooling in DNS Server

The socket pool enables a DNS server to use source port randomization when issuing DNS queries. This
provides enhanced security against cache poisoning attacks. The socket pool is enabled with default settings
on computers that have installed Security Update MS08-037

3) Cache Locking in DNS Server

Cache locking is a new feature available if your DNS server is running Windows Server 2008 R2. When you
enable cache locking, the DNS server will not allow cached records to be overwritten for the duration of the
time to live (TTL) value. Cache locking provides for enhanced security against cache poisoning attacks. You
can also customize the settings used for cache locking.

How to Enable Administrator Account on Windows 8.1

Everyone is confused on windows 8 , where Local user account is not shown if you go to my computer and
then go to Manage  ,Nothing will be find out , please follow my steps to enable Administrator account

Step1: goto run-> type lusrmgr.msc and press Enter

Step2: You see here  local Users and Groups window

Step3: click on users and Select Administrator account

Step4: right click and goto properties

Step5: uncheck account disable option and click apply

Step6:right click Administrator account and set password

Step7: type New password and Confirm Password and you are ready to access your administrator account
on windows 8.1

How to Inter-Vlan Routing using a L3 Switch

Hi guyies today i am introduced a new concept of inter-vlan communication using layer 3 switch

first of all you have to set the VLANs on switch , so you have to follow the followings

i just want to create a 3 vlan , SALES,HR and IT

so go to the config mode

switch>conf t
switch(config)#vlan 2
switch(config)#name sales
switch(config)#vlan 3
switch(config)#name HR
switch(config)#vlan 4
switch(config)#name IT

after creating VLANs , You have Just show the switch(config)#do show vlan brief command to verify the Vlans .


Now we are setting the  Switch Port Assignments
switch(config)#interface range f0/1 - 8
switch(config-range)#switchport mode access
switch(config-range)#switchport access vlan 2
switch(config)#interface range f0/8 - 16
switch(config-range)#switchport mode access
switch(config-range)#switchport access vlan 3

switch(config)#interface range f0/17 - 24
switch(config-range)#switchport mode access
switch(config-range)#switchport access vlan 3


After Port Assignments we define the VLANs IP

switch(config)#interface vlan 2
switch(config)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
switch(config)#interface vlan 3
switch(config)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
switch(config)#interface vlan 4
switch(config)#ip address 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

Now we do Routing Between VLANs

switch(config)#Router Rip
switch(config)#network 10.0.0.0
switch(config)#network 20.0.0.0
switch(config)#network 30.0.0.0

Now we can Ping Each VLANs Together.

Protocols on CCNA Exam

DNS- Domain Name System

DHCP- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

FTP- File Transfer Protocol

TFTP- Trivial File Transfer Protocol

HTTP- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Telnet- Telephony Network

SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

POP- Post Office Protocol

IMAP- Internet Massage Access Protocol

NetBIOS- Network Basic Input/Output System

TCP- Transmission Control Protocol

UDP- User Datagram Protocol

IP- Internet Protocol

ICMP- Internet Control Massage Protocol

ARP- Address Resolution Protocol

RARP- Reserve Address Resolution Protocol

HDLC- High-level Data Link Control Protocol

SDLC- Synchronous Data Link Control Protocol

There is associated Port number to every Application Protocol.

[Note: to see port number with protocol “c:\windows\system32\driver\etc” open this file with notepad]

OSI Layers and Protocol

Application Layer DNS, DHCP, FTP, HTTP, TFTP, TELNET, SMTP

Presentation Layer Upper Layer POP, IMAP, ETC..&

Session Layer NETBIOS (Session Layer uses only)

Transport Layer TCP, UDP

Network Layer IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP

Data Link Layer HDLC, SDLC, FRAME RELAY

Physical Layer (No protocol is used here, it works with Ethernet or token ring)