Protocols on CCNA Exam

DNS- Domain Name System

DHCP- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

FTP- File Transfer Protocol

TFTP- Trivial File Transfer Protocol

HTTP- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Telnet- Telephony Network

SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

POP- Post Office Protocol

IMAP- Internet Massage Access Protocol

NetBIOS- Network Basic Input/Output System

TCP- Transmission Control Protocol

UDP- User Datagram Protocol

IP- Internet Protocol

ICMP- Internet Control Massage Protocol

ARP- Address Resolution Protocol

RARP- Reserve Address Resolution Protocol

HDLC- High-level Data Link Control Protocol

SDLC- Synchronous Data Link Control Protocol

There is associated Port number to every Application Protocol.

[Note: to see port number with protocol “c:\windows\system32\driver\etc” open this file with notepad]

OSI Layers and Protocol

Application Layer DNS, DHCP, FTP, HTTP, TFTP, TELNET, SMTP

Presentation Layer Upper Layer POP, IMAP, ETC..&

Session Layer NETBIOS (Session Layer uses only)

Transport Layer TCP, UDP

Network Layer IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP

Data Link Layer HDLC, SDLC, FRAME RELAY

Physical Layer (No protocol is used here, it works with Ethernet or token ring)

How to install windows 7 on a VHD (Virtual HDD)

Step 1:  Insert the Bootable Usb drive or media 

Step 2: select the f9 key or startup-boot menu , select the usb boot

Step 3: windows is loading now and show install windows 7 now , do not click install

Step 4: press shift+f10  , now a command prompt is open.

Step 5 : type diskpart

DISKPART>  LIST DISK

DISK 0      232 GB LOCAL HDDDISK 1      7448 MB USB HDD

DISKPART>  SELECT DISK 0

*DISK 0      232 GB LOCAL HDD

DISK 1      7448 MB USB HDD
DISK 0 IS NOW SELECTED

DISKPART> LIST VOLUME

VOLUME 1   C
VOLUME 2   D
VOLUME 3   E
VOLUME 4   F

DISKPART> SELECT VOLUME=2

DISKPART> CREATE VDISK FILE="D:\TEST.VHD" MAXIMUM=40000 

TYPE=EXPANDABLE

TEST.VHD IS SUCESSFULLY CREATED

DISKPART> ATTACH VDISK

TEST.VHD IS SUCCESSFULLY ATTACHED.

NOW EXIT THE DISKPART

DISKPART> EXIT

STEP 6:  Now click Install now Button and choose custom option  and Format the selected VDISK and install the WINDOWS 7 on the Virtual HDD

  

Basic Disk & Dynamic Disks

Basic Disk & Dynamic Disks

Basic Disk:

A disk initialized for basic storage is called a basic disk. When we install operating system by default our disk is

“Basic Disk”. A basic disk contains basic volumes, such as

1. Primary partitions,

2. Extended partitions,

3. Logical drives.

Primary partition is the first division of a hard disk drive. The primary partition is often the only one on the disk, and it occupies the entire disk volume. If there are multiple partitions, the primary partition is the one that holds the operating system and has to be made "active" in order to do so. We can make maximum 4 primary partitions on a disk.

Extended Partition: If we need more then four partition then we need to make at least one extended partition. This Extended partition is used to make more partition. Extended partition works as boundary for logical drives

.

Logical Drives: We can create many logical drives inside an extended partition. We can create up to “z” logical drives, and then we can create many mounted drives on any folder or drive.

To Create Partition

Go to – My computer – Right click – Manage – Disk Management – Right Click on partition & follow the instruction…

Managing Printers

There are four types of printers

1. Local printer

2. Share printer

3. Network printer

4. Internet printing (Window Server)

(1) Local Printer: If Printer is directly attached to a computer (either in LPT port, Com port, or USB port) is

called Local printer.

Installation: Start – Printer & Faxes – Add Printer – Select local printer -

Select port – Select manufacturer & Printer Model – Printer Name (any) – Share Name – Location

(physical)(optional) - Finish

(2) Share Printer: If a Printer is attached to another computer & is shared to other computers too is called share printer.

Installation:

Start – Printer & Faxes – Add Printer – Select “A Network Printer” – Browse or “\\IP of print server\printer name (Name or IP) - Finish

Notes by Neeraj www.techoinfotech.com

(3) Network Printer: If a printer is directly attached to a switch then it’s called network printer. You have to install a network printer in any computer as a local printer & in other computer as a share computer or we can also install as local printer in each computer.

Installation:

To install network printer you have to configure IP address of Network Printer. To configure IP address of Printer there may be a keypad in Network Printer or you can configure your printer through internet explorer (just type “//IP of printer” in IE.)

[IP address of the Network Printer will be given in Printer Manual]

(4) Internet Printing: You can enable internet printing in “Windows Server 2003”.you can install. You can use your Web browser to connect to shared printers on a print server that is running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). Printing is implemented by way of the Internet Print Protocol (IPP), which is encapsulated in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). By typing the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of a remote printer in the Address bar of your browser, you can connect to, and print from the printer in the same way as if it were attached to your own computer. You can view a Web page on which all printers on a print server are listed, or a page that is specific to the printer to which you want to connect.

To Enable Interne printing on server

Go to Control Panel – Add Remove Program – Add remove windows component – Select Application Server –Details – Select IIS – Details – Check on Internet Printing – Ok - Finish

Installing internet printer on client computer

Go to Printer & fax – Add Printer – Network Printer – Select connect to a printer URL [http://IP of print server/Printers/Printer share name/printer]

Printer Pooling: If you have more than one printer of same manufacturer & same model then you can enable printer pooling. If you are pooling in printers than make sure that your all printer should be kept in the same location or else you will not able to find that which printer has printed out you document.

Enable Printer Pooling

Go to Printer Properties – Ports – Check on Enable Printer Pooling – Check both Printer Port – Ok

Priority: If there is long waiting queue for print job & want to set priority to any user then you can configure Printer priory. As soon as printer will finish the current job it will take high priority printing job at 2nd instance.

Enable Printer Priority

Install a printer twice – Go to printer properties – Advanced – Set priority

Spooling: (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line) the overlapping of low-speed operations with normal processing. Spooling originated with mainframes in order to optimize slow operations such as reading cards and printing. Card input was read onto disk and printer output was stored on disk. In that way, the business data processing was performed at high speed, receiving input from disk and sending output to disk. Subsequently, spooling is used to buffer data for the printer as well as remote batch terminals.

Note: Administrator can also manage internet printer through Internet Explorer

[http://IP of print Server/printers]

System Restore Point

System Restore Point

You can create a system restore point when your system is working properly. With this restore point you can undo harmful changes to you operating system. Basically it restores window settings & performance without destroying saved documents, emails, history & favorite list.

Your computer also creates automatically restore point called check point.

To create a Restore Point

Start – Program – Accessories – System tools – System restore- Select create a restore point.

“You can also undo your restore”

Start-up Options for Safe Mode

Safe Mode

If your computer is not booting properly or normally then there is some advance boot option that you can choose to boot your computer such as:

1. Safe mode:
Safe mode option Boots your computer with minimum driver required. In this mode you can disable anydevice driver & you can backup you data... etc.

2. Safe mode with networking :Safe mode with networking also loads driver of LAN card so your computer will be in network.

3. Safe mode with Command Prompt : Safe mode with command prompt boots your window & provides on command prompt. You can workwith command prompt as far as you can

4. Enable Boot loggingEnable: boot logging creates file which contains boot information & problem.

5. Enable VGA Mode : It boots your window with minimum graphic resolution.

6. Directory Services Restore Mode : This mode is used when we restore Active Directory in Win Server

7. Debugging Mode : If two computers are connected with serial cable by com port, it will display boot info in anothercomputer